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Performance Evaluation of 4-Fletch Configurations: Aerodynamic Analysis and Comparative Insights with 3-Fletch

Posted by Eric Newman- PNL Testers on Dec 23rd 2024

Abstract

This study examines the impact of varying helical on a 4-fletch vane configuration on arrow velocity loss, focusing on Flex Fletch Pro 2.5 vanes. Arrows launched at an initial velocity of 284.2±0.4 fps were fletched with 1°, 3°, and 5° helical angles to assess their influence on velocity loss over 60 yards. Additionally, comparisons between 3-fletch and 4-fletch configurations were analyzed. Results indicate negligible velocity loss differences (within 1.4 fps) across configurations in the Flex Fletch Pro 2.5 design. These findings provide practical insights for archers seeking optimal performance with minimal velocity penalties.

Introduction

Fletching is critical in arrow stabilization during flight, influencing accuracy and consistency. Helical angles determine the spin imparted to an arrow, potentially affecting velocity and stabilization. Traditional assumptions suggest that higher helical angles result in greater velocity loss due to increased drag. However, this study aims to evaluate these claims specifically for Flex Fletch Pro 2.5 vanes. A comparison between 3-fletch and 4-fletch configurations also explores the trade-offs between added stability and velocity loss. Understanding these dynamics can help archers make informed decisions regarding fletching setups. The study's primary aim is to evaluate the Flex Fletch Pro 2.5 vane, but comparative analysis with other vanes is a necessary next step.

Methodology

Arrow Build and Setup

  • Arrow Shaft: Black Eagle Carnivore 350 spine
  • Insert: Ethics Archery 50gr aluminum
  • Field Point: Ethics Archery 100gr
  • Fletching: Flex Fletch Pro 2.5 at 1°, 3°, and 5° helical angles
  • Fletching Tool: Last Chance Vane Master PRO Fletching Jig
  • Total Weight: 384.7gr (minor variations: ±0.2gr)
  • F.O.C.: 15.8%

Measurement Tools

  • Velocity: LabRadar Doppler chronograph

Environmental Conditions

  • Air Temperature: 69°F
  • Humidity: 23%
  • Air Density: 1.2073 kg/m³
  • Wind: 10.6 mph (direction: 280° W)
  • Altitude: 2900 feet
  • Shot Direction: 139° SE

While environmental variables like wind and air density were noted, their impacts on flight dynamics should be further explored. Crosswinds, in particular, could influence arrow spin and trajectory, offering additional insights into real-world performance.

Procedure

Arrows were tested over distances up to 60 yards, with velocity recorded at regular intervals. Each helical configuration was tested using a six-shot sequence, ensuring data reliability.

Comparative testing was conducted between 3-fletch and 4-fletch setups.







Results

The average velocity loss data is based on a 4-fletch six-shot sequence per degree of helical. The data can be seen in Table 1 and Figures 1 and 2.

Comparison 

The Flex Fletch pro 2.5 3-fletch data can be viewed on the web page. Performance Analysis of Flex Fletch Pro 2.5 at Various Helical Angles - Flex-Fletch Products, Inc. Comparing velocity loss out to 60 yards, looking at the Flex Fletch Pro 2.5 in a 3-vane and 4- vane configuration. Here is Table 2 and in Figures 3 and 4. You can see that the 4-fletch starts at an average of 2.2 fps slower than the 3-fletch arrows. The additional vane will contribute to the difference in velocity due to the weight added. As you can see, the velocity loss at 60 yards is all within 1.4 fps between the two setups. This indicates that adding the fourth vane did not increase the velocity loss over 60 yards at different helical angles.

Discussion

Key Findings

  • Minimal differences in velocity loss across helical angles indicate the aerodynamic efficiency of Flex Fletch Pro 2.5 vanes.
  • The 4-fletch configuration exhibited slightly lower initial velocity due to added weight but did not increase velocity loss over 60 yards compared to the 3-fletch setup.

Implications

  • Archers prioritizing stability can use higher helical angles without significant speed penalties when using the Flex Fletch Pro 2.5.
  • The choice between 3-fletch and 4-fletch should be guided by factors such as grouping consistency and personal preference, as the velocity impact is negligible.

Limitations

  • Results are specific to the Flex Fletch Pro 2.5 vane and Black Eagle Carnivore 350 shaft and the field tip by Ethics Archery.
  • Environmental conditions and distances beyond 60 yards were not tested, potentially affecting generalizability.
  • Further studies with diverse vane designs, arrow shafts, and environmental variables are needed.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates that Flex Fletch Pro 2.5 vanes in the setup and launch velocity configuration used in this study show varying helical angles with negligible velocity loss differences. Similarly, adding a fourth vane does not significantly increase drag over 60 yards. Archers can confidently select the Flex Fletch Pro 2.5 fletching configurations for stability and grouping without compromising velocity. Future research should explore different vane designs, longer distances, and varied environmental conditions to validate these findings.